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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*boj- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to be dilatory and careless 2 to rage, rough-house 3 rampant 4 to rot, spoil face="Times New Roman Star"1 быть неосторожным, рассеянным 2 буянить 3 буйный, ретивый 4 протухать, портиться, хиреть face="Times New Roman Star"bojba- (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bo.j-la- 4 face="Times New Roman Star"bojna- 2, bojnaq 3 face="Times New Roman Star"boj-la- 4 face="Times New Roman Star"buj-da- 'to be confused' face="Times New Roman Star"buj-la- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"boj-g|yn 'fainted' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 385.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sedre- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to be rare, have wide intervals 2 gappy, rare, perforated face="Times New Roman Star"1 быть редким, с широкими промежутками 2 редкий, дырявый face="Times New Roman Star"sedrek 2 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"sed|re- 1, sed|rek 2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"sejrek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sira"- 1 (dial.) , sira"k 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sejrek 2 (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"sijra"k 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sira"k 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sejra"k 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sejrek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sajra 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sejrek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"si>re- 1, si>jrek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"si>jrek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"hira"k 2 face="Times New Roman Star"si:rek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"serek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"si>jrek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"serex 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sijrek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 802, VEWT 407.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ser- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to endure, be patient; to stay immobile, linger 2 to spread face="Times New Roman Star"1 быть терпеливым; задерживаться, оставаться в одном положении 2 растягивать face="Times New Roman Star"ser-, seril- 1 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"ser- 1, seril- 'to sway and almost fall down' (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"ser- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ser- 2 (Ettuhf. ) face="Times New Roman Star"sa"r- 2 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"sa"r- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sa"r- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ser- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sar- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ser- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ser- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ser- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 411, EDT 843, 851, ЭСТЯ 7. Some authors express doubt as to the compatibility of OT and modern Turkic forms; it seems, however, that the meanings are unitable within a trans.-intrans. opposition ("spread" - "to be spread > remain".
face="Times New Roman Star"*an|- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to be wide open 2 to be perplexed, astonished 3 wide open 4 fool, simpleton 5 obtuse, stupid 6 astonished 7 to have one's mouth opened 8 to be drowsy, faint 9 to look at with surprise 10 to gape face="Times New Roman Star"1 быть широко открытым 2 быть удивленным, опешить 3 широко открытый 4 дурак, простак 5 бестолковый 6 удивленный 7 разинуть рот 8 быть сонным, вялым 9 смотреть с удивлением 10 зиять face="Times New Roman Star"an|yl ac?uq 3 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) anuk, an|yz 4 face="Times New Roman Star"an|g|y-min|ge bul- 3; (dial.) an|g|yl 5 face="Times New Roman Star"(MKypch.) ang|y 6 (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"an|raj- 2, 7 face="Times New Roman Star"an|al- 2, an|qar- 2, 7 face="Times New Roman Star"an|aj- 'to miss', an|maj- 2, 7, an|max 'standing with one's mouth open' face="Times New Roman Star"an|ar- 8 face="Times New Roman Star"an|g|ada- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"an|qaj-, an|g|ar- 1, 9 (< Mong.?), an|qo: 4, an|yr- 2, an|yraj- 10 face="Times New Roman Star"an|tar-, an|yr- 2, an|qaw 4 face="Times New Roman Star"an|qy-tin|ke 'daffy', an|ra 4, an|s?aj- 7 face="Times New Roman Star"an|qaw 4 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 184, ЭСТЯ 1, 155, 156-157.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ko"rtu"k face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 woodcock 2 turkey 3 black-cock face="Times New Roman Star"1 вальдшнеп 2 индюк 3 тетерев face="Times New Roman Star"ku"rka" 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ku"rku", dial. ku"rtku" 'black-cock', ku"rles (Sag.) 'grouse' face="Times New Roman Star"ku"rtu"k 3 face="Times New Roman Star"ku"rtu"k 3, ku"rte 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kъw|rka 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"rc?o"x 'young spring duck, already able to fly' face="Times New Roman Star"ku"rtu" 3 face="Times New Roman Star"hu"'rtu" 3 face="Times New Roman Star"ku"rp 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ku"rke-tawyq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ku"rka" 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 311, Федотов 1, 258.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ju"g- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 upwards 2 to rise 3 hill 4 high face="Times New Roman Star"1 вверх, наверх 2 подниматься 3 холм 4 высокий face="Times New Roman Star"ju"geru" (Orkh., OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ju"kse- 2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"ju"ksel- 2, ju"z?|e, (dial.) ju"g, ju"z?|ek, ju"gz?|ek, ju"vz?|ek 3 face="Times New Roman Star"ju"ksa"t- 2 (Houts. ), ju"c?e 4 (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"ju"ksa"l- 2, uz?|a 4 face="Times New Roman Star"u":sel- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"o"ksel- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 915, ЭСТЯ 4, 263-264. The form *ju"geru" is replaced in most modern languages by a back row variant *jokaru, *jokgaru (see ЭСТЯ 4, 213-214); this may be due to a contamination with a synonymous root *jok "up, above" (see ЭСТЯ 4, 215).
face="Times New Roman Star"*jok- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 up, above 2 hill, elevation face="Times New Roman Star"1 вверх, наверх 2 возвышенность, подъем face="Times New Roman Star"joqaru 1 (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"joqaru 1, joq 2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"jukary 1, jokus? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jug|ary 1 face="Times New Roman Star"joqaru (AH ), juqar (Pav. C. ) 1, joqus? (AH , Ettuhf. ) face="Times New Roman Star"juqo|ri 1 face="Times New Roman Star"juqari 1 face="Times New Roman Star"juxary, dial. uxary 1, joxus? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"joqary 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?og|ar 1 face="Times New Roman Star"juqqar 1 face="Times New Roman Star"sog|oru, sog|uru: 'South; centre' face="Times New Roman Star"soguru: 'South' face="Times New Roman Star"z?|og|or(u) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"z?og|ary 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jug|ary 1 face="Times New Roman Star"og|ary 1 face="Times New Roman Star"juqar(y) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jog|ary 1, joqus?, joqys? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"z?oqary 1 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 896, 906, ЭСТЯ 4, 213-214, 215, Stachowski 211.
face="Times New Roman Star"*to:r-um face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 young camel 2 a young calf 3 a goat that has yeaned early 4 young 5 a cow that has not calved yet face="Times New Roman Star"1 верблюжонок 2 теленок 3 коза, объягнившаяся в возрасте до 1 года 4 молодой (о человеке, дереве) 5 нетель face="Times New Roman Star"torum 1, torpy 2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"deve torun 1, torum (dial.) 1; torbuc? (dial.) 3, (?) toru (dial.) 4 face="Times New Roman Star"to:rbaq (КСТТ ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"torum 1 (Sangl. , Pav. C. ), torbaq 2 (MA 126) face="Times New Roman Star"topaq 2, topaq-torum 'young calves' face="Times New Roman Star"to:rum 1 face="Times New Roman Star"torbax 2 face="Times New Roman Star"torboq 2, torboc? (dial. Kumd.) 5 face="Times New Roman Star"torbos, torbuz?|ax 2 face="Times New Roman Star"dorum 1 face="Times New Roman Star"torpoq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"torpaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tana-turpaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"(?) tor 'unbroken (of a horse), untrodden (of a path)' face="Times New Roman Star"tory 'foal' (ССЯ ) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 533, 549, VEWT 491. Turk. > WMong. torum, Kalm. torm (KW 402, Щербак 1997 , 158, Clark 1977 , 155-156. The Tur. dial. dog|rum is a result of contamination with dog|ur- 'to bear'. Forms like torp-ak are diminutives in -ak (with almost always regular cluster development). Forms like Tur. torun 'grandchild', as well as Tur. dial. tor 'young' may be Iranisms (but not Armenisms, as suggested in Буд. 1, 747 - Armen. tor`n 'grandchild' is itself obviously < Iranian) - see Аб. 3, 280.
face="Times New Roman Star"*uruk face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 rope 2 lasso face="Times New Roman Star"1 веревка, бечева, канат 2 аркан face="Times New Roman Star"uruq (OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"uruq (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"urg|an, urgan 1 face="Times New Roman Star"org|an (AH ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"uruq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"urGan 1 face="Times New Roman Star"urux 2 face="Times New Roman Star"uruq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"uruq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"uruq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"urg|an 2 face="Times New Roman Star"urqan 1 face="Times New Roman Star"urx|an, orx|an 1 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 215, VEWT 516, ЭСТЯ 1, 585 (confused with *ukruk), 602-603. Some modern forms reflect a secondary derivative *urkan.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bu"t- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to believe 2 sign, token face="Times New Roman Star"1 верить 2 знак face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 1 (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 1 (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"pu"t- 1 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"pu"t- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bit 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 93, EDT 298-299 (together with bu"t- 'finish'), ЭСТЯ 2, 279-280.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ym- / *c?um- (*c?om-) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 top, upper part 2 staff (with a knob) 3 lump, pompon, knob face="Times New Roman Star"1 верхушка 2 палка (с набалдашником) 3 комок, помпон, набалдашник face="Times New Roman Star"c?omaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"c?omc?ak 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?omaG 2 face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"mmek 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ъw|mak 3 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 115, TMN 2, 94-95, EDT 422. The Chuv. reflex points to *-y-.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jaj- **AD face="Times New Roman Star"1 to sing 2 to make noise 3 noise face="Times New Roman Star"1 веселиться 2 шум face="Times New Roman Star"jo|jla- 'наслаждаться, веселиться' face="Times New Roman Star"jajna- 'веселиться, резвиться' face="Times New Roman Star"Федотов 2 129 **AD. Лучше выкинуть. Наслаждаться - обычная производность от проводить лето (на яйлау - там прохладно и мух мало, часто развивает эту сем-ку), шум - см. 600.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ja:r/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 spring 2 summer face="Times New Roman Star"1 весна 2 лето face="Times New Roman Star"jaz 2 (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"jaz 2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"jaz 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jaz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jaz (AH 1, Ettuhf. 2) face="Times New Roman Star"jo|z 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jaz 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jaz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jaz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ja:z 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?as 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jas, d/as 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ja:z 2 face="Times New Roman Star"s/or 1 face="Times New Roman Star"sa:s 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ha:s 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?as 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?as? 1 face="Times New Roman Star"z?|az 1 face="Times New Roman Star"z?az 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jaz 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jad| 1 face="Times New Roman Star"zaz 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ja:z 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jaz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"z?az 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jaz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jaz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 193, ЭСТЯ 4, 71, EDT 982, Лексика 73, Федотов 2, 138-139, Stachowski 100.
face="Times New Roman Star"*dal face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 branch 2 tree 3 willow face="Times New Roman Star"1 ветка 2 дерево 3 ива, верба face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"tal 1 (KB ), 3 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"dal 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3, (dial.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"dal 3 (Pav. C. ), tal 1 (Pav. C. , Abush. ) face="Times New Roman Star"to|l 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3 face="Times New Roman Star"dal 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3 face="Times New Roman Star"talax 3 face="Times New Roman Star"talak 1, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tal 1, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3 (also 'poplar') face="Times New Roman Star"dal 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tal 1, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"da:l 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tal 3 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 489, VEWT 457, ЭСТЯ 3, 130-131, Лексика 125-126, Stachowski 216. Turkm. tal (with irregular t-) may be a loan from Kypchak: there seems to be no reason to postulate two different roots for PT.
face="Times New Roman Star"*i:l- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to hang on (smth.) 2 hook face="Times New Roman Star"1 вешать (на что-л.) 2 крючок face="Times New Roman Star"il- (OUygh.) 1, ilin- (refl.) (OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"il- (MK ) 1, ylyn- (refl.) (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"dial. il- 1, ilmek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"el- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"yl- (Abush. , Sangl. ), ylyn- (refl.) (Pav. C. ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"il- 1, ilmo|q 2 face="Times New Roman Star"il- 1, ilmaq 2, 'loop' face="Times New Roman Star"ilma"k 2 face="Times New Roman Star"i:l- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"@l- face="Times New Roman Star"il- 1, ilmek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jъlъ, jъlmak 'loop' face="Times New Roman Star"i:l- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"il- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"il- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"il- 1, ilmek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"il- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"il- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"el- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ilin- (refl.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"il- 1, ilmek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"il- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 170, ЭСТЯ 1, 343-346, Егоров 73-74.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ed, *ed-gu" face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 thing, goods 2 good, excellent 3 good action, benefit face="Times New Roman Star"1 вещь, добро, имущество 2 хороший, отличный 3 благодеяние face="Times New Roman Star"ed 1 (OUygh.), edgu" 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ed| 1, ed|gu" 2 (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"iji 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ige, ijge face="Times New Roman Star"ejgi-lik 3 face="Times New Roman Star"u"tu"o" 2 face="Times New Roman Star"o"tu"o" 2 face="Times New Roman Star"eki 2 face="Times New Roman Star"e'kki 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ijgi-lig 3 face="Times New Roman Star"ijgi 1 face="Times New Roman Star"igi,izgi 1 face="Times New Roman Star"i: 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 1, 245-247, 248-249, 329-330, VEWT 35-36, EDT 33, 51, Stachowski 201. PT *ed-gu" is derived from PT *ed 'thing, goods' (Лексика 326) ( > Mong. ed, MMong. (SH etc.) ed, see Щербак 1997 , 113). Mong. edege- 'to feel better, recover' (Dag. edge-) is also possibly < Turkic.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jaba face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"2 wild onion 3 onion-like edible plant face="Times New Roman Star"1 вид грибка 2 съедобное растение, похожее на лук face="Times New Roman Star"java 2(?) (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"java (MK ) 'al-t.urt_u:t_' [Bib.-Kaz.: 'a reddish edible plant', Belot: 'a medicinal grass', Lane: 'cynomorium']; 'a plant the juice of which is used to colour noodles'. face="Times New Roman Star"juwa 2 face="Times New Roman Star"juwa, Sib. juwa 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jawa OKypch (Houts. ) 2, 'leek' face="Times New Roman Star"juva 2 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ama 'mountain garlic' face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:t 'cudbear, lichen' face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:t 'horse-tail' face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ua 2 face="Times New Roman Star"z?uwa 2 face="Times New Roman Star"juwa 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jywa 2 face="Times New Roman Star"z?uwa 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 871-872, ЭСТЯ 4, 240. The OUygh. word is attested in a Buddhist text describing blossoming spring plants: o"zlerdeki o"zeklerdeki java c?igidem "the java and the crocuses in valleys and ravines"; so, despite Clauson 414, this is certainly not a mushroom; probably some onion-like plant (гусиный лук?).
face="Times New Roman Star"*apaka face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 Alnus fruticosa; Labrador tea 2 a k. of fern face="Times New Roman Star"1 вид ольхи; багульник 2 вид папоротника face="Times New Roman Star"apa bas?y 'Cannabis sativa, it is a plant which grows like Cucumis sativus and has a thorny stern, it is eaten in the mountains' (MK Qypch.) face="Times New Roman Star"abag|a 2 face="Times New Roman Star"uba-zarri 2 face="Times New Roman Star"abag|a 1 face="Times New Roman Star"abag|a 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 1, Попов 1986, 92. OT and Chuv. reflect a folk etymology (confusion with apa 'bear').
face="Times New Roman Star"*bas-yg face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 a k. of tax 2 a coin face="Times New Roman Star"1 вид подати, налога 2 монета face="Times New Roman Star"basyg| (OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bas, pas, ba:s 'price', pas-ly 'valued, expensive' (Sib., КСТТ 108, 177) face="Times New Roman Star"pus 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 373, Ашм. X, 4-5, Федотов 1, 449-450. The OT form is usually regarded as derived from *bas- 'to press' (v. sub *pa>\si ), but external evidence suggests that this is one of the numerous inner Turkic folk-etymological reinterpretations. Chuv. pus "copec" needs some additional comments. According to Егоров 166 it can either be derived from pus- 'break' < Turk. *bas- (according to Zolotnitski), or be borrowed from Pers. po:st "skin" > Tur. post, Uzb. pust 'id.' (Turkic forms see in VEWT 386). The latter hypothesis is rather improbable because the form means 'coin' only in Chuv., and because this borrowing is absent in other languages of the Volga region. VEWT 387 suggests Chuv. pus < Mari pus? 'debt, tax' < pu- 'give'. The word is absent from the Mari dictionary, one only finds пуышаш 'arrears'; cf., on the other hand, Udm. pus 'sign, subscription' < Chuv. puz@ id. < pus- 'to press'. This etymology is, therefore, equally dubious, and our equation of Chuv. pus = OT basyg| seems preferable.
face="Times New Roman Star"*kes- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 a k. of leash for domestic animals 2 chain, leash, noose 3 sea knot face="Times New Roman Star"1 вид привязи для домашних животных 2 цепь, привязь, петля 3 морской узел face="Times New Roman Star"kesgu"k (MK ) 'collar' face="Times New Roman Star"kesmik 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kasmъk 2, kazak 3 face="Times New Roman Star"keskek 1 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 750, ЭСТЯ 5, 59. Deriving the root from kes- 'cut' is dubious semantically.
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